Indian Railway System

A Guide to the India Railway System and the Indian Train

I’m sharing my practical knowledge about the India railway system, the Indian train, and the India travel ‘culture’. The information in this article covers what to expect when traveling on the India Railway system (as well as what not to expect), types of Indian train classes, India railway facilities, cost of travel on Indian trains, and instructions on making offline and online India Railway reservations.

The India Railway Trains

A typical long distance Indian train has the following coach configuration.

The Engine-Well, it’s in the front with the driver and his assistant! The guard at the tail end of the train is the person in charge of the train. Indian trains run on diesel or electricity, depending on the route.

Second Class (General Compartment)-2 to 4 coaches in a train, usually 2 just behind the engine and 2 at the end of the train. You need not have any reservations for traveling in second class. You can buy tickets from the counter at the railway station, even when the train is standing at the platform ready for departure.

Tip: bring a small chain and a padlock to secure your luggage beneath a seat or over the luggage rack.

Second Class Sleeper Compartment-The sleeper class in the India railway system is the main chunk of a typical express train. Each coach holds about 72 passengers, with about 10 to 15 coaches per train.

You will need a reservation to travel in this class of the Indian train. Reservations can be made 60 days prior to your journey at the most. Once reserved, your name will be listed on the chart stuck next to your coach’s door outside. A copy of the same is displayed at the departing station “Reservation Chart” notice board about an hour before the departure. The coaches are indexed as S1,S2,S3, and so on. For a budget traveler Second Class sleeper is THE most suitable mode of transport.

The seats in the second class sleeper are grouped into semi-private sections of 6 seats - 3+3 facing each other, with upper berths, middle berths, and lower berths. The lower berth is the primary seating for the passengers during daytime. Chains are provided by the India railway to secure your baggage, but bring your own padlock. Your luggage can be pushed under the seat.

Indian Education vs Western Education

ed·u·ca·tion

• the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life.
• the act or process of imparting or acquiring particular knowledge or skills, as for a profession.
• a degree, level, or kind of schooling: a university education.

Objectives of the Study

  * Conducting study to understand the mindset of students, both Indian nationals as well as      foreign students, residing in India and abroad, in reference to the passing of the bill.
  * Analyzing the effects of the bill on India as well as the outside world.

Indian Education vs Western Education

The Western education system was establishing a hegemony over the Indian education structure in terms of pedagogy, knowledge systems and even language.

:) In western right to education has become law not the same case in India. Lot of kids do not go to schools in India and it is not mandatory by law as is in western / developed countries.
:) Teaching is done with the aid of technology tools such as computers and multimedia tools etc, India: mostly done using the black-board.
:) A teacher has to teach more students in India than a teacher in western countries because of limited school resources and the population of students.
:) Students in India have limited learning resources. For most it will just be the course books.
:) Indian education usage maximum power of brain while western education usage maximum power of technology to use brain!

Global Warming

What is Global Warming?

 Global warming is the increase in average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere. In the last few decades this increase has been relatively significant

Causes of Global Warming

•   Increased burning of fossil fuels and thus increases the emission of greenhouse gases (include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and water vapour) into the Earth’s atmosphere thereby increasing the temperature of the Earth because they are transparent to short wave radiation from the sun, while they have the ability to absorb the cooler infra-red radiation from the Earth. This fact alone describes how greenhouse gases make it more difficult for the Earth the cool itself off.
•  When fossil fuels such as oils, natural gas, and coal, in addition to wood, wood products, and solid waste are burned they emit Carbon Dioxide. Methane is emitted during such activities as the production and transportation of certain natural gases, coal, and oil.
• Forest destruction and population are two other causes of global warming.